Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract. The disease is also known as granulomatous enteritis, colitis, regional enteritis, regional ileitis, ileitis, or terminal ileitis and it causes ulcerations of the small and large intestine. The disease can affect the digestive system anywhere from the mouth to the anus, but distinctively affects the terminal ileum as well as demarcated areas of big bowel. The illness is named after the American physician, Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884-1983), who described the disease in 1932.
Crohn’s Disease Symptoms
Crohn’s disease signs and symptoms might consist of:
* Chronic diarrhea & interrupted digestion: It gets difficult for the patients in the acute phase of the illness to eat and/or digest food. * Painful and debilitating inflammation * Fistulas of the colon * Hemorrhoids * Lipid absorption problems * Anemia: Persistent rectal bleeding might lead to anemia. * Bruising from the shins. * Fever, pain and psychological damage in many cases * Crohn’s disease in children might cause late development and slower growth.
Crohn’s Disease Treatment
Crohn’s disease treatment may consist of medicine, surgical treatment, nutritional advice and Helminthic therapy (current research).
- Medication Treatment
Acute treatment: steroids are used in the initial stages. Long-term steroid therapy is discouraged because of their side effects. Corticosteroids like prednisone are traditionally used medications. The side effects of steroids might include insulin resistance and frank diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), glaucoma, osteoporosis, severe psychological issues etc.
Chronic treatment (Steroid-sparing): The treatment may include Salicylates – 5-ASA derivates – 5-aminosalicylic acid compounds such as sulfasalazine (Azulfidine, Salazopyrin), mesalamine (Pentasa, Asacol), olsalazine, and balsalazide. Immunomodulating drugs such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate are given mainly in moderate-to-severe cases. Infliximab (brand name Remicade) is given in patients with therapy-resistant or fistulating Crohn’s. Adalimumab (brand name Humira) has been used in patients who show allergic reaction to infliximab. The drugs like thalidomide are under study trials.
- Surgery
In the case of widespread intractable Crohn’s colitis, the colon and rectum (protocolectomy) are removed by the surgery ileostomy. Surgery is generally avoided, as this does not cure the disease. Crohns illness can recur at the site from the anastomosis or ileostomy.
- Dietary Advice
Crohn’s patients should avoid the following foods and liquids:
* Dairy foods * High fiber foods should be avoided during flare-ups. * Hot spicy foods * Alcohol & caffeine * Foods containing saturated fats, found in meat and dairy products. However some fats such as in fish oil may actually be helpful. * Products containing corn or gluten, those made from wheat, oats, barley, or triticale * Foods, such as soy, eggs, peanuts, tomatoes * Gas-producing foods such as cabbage family vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts), dried peas and lentils, onions and chives, peppers and carbonated drinks * Foods that may irritate the intestine (particularly the cabbage family vegetables) * Simple sugars * Dried fruits or high-sugar fruits, such as grapes, watermelon, or pineapple * Sorbitol (an artificial sweetener)
Beneficial Foods:
* Fluids to keep the body hydrated and prevent constipation * Fruits might be protective * A high protein diet with lean meats
Advice:
* Eat small frequent meals * Prebiotics such as psyllium may help in the healing process. * Probiotics might also be helpful in aiding recovery of the intestines.
- Helminthic Therapy
Recent studies have come up with a guaranteeing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis remedy. Helminthic therapy is a fresh treatment that has demonstrated amazing outcomes in clinical trials. It argues that the absence of intestinal worms (due mainly to greater hygiene standards) from the human intestinal tract may trigger the immune system that’s not evolutionary adapted to this condition, to over-react causing inflammation and other negative effects, and that reintroducing helminths via ingesting eggs of a particular species (which isn’t dangerous to humans) can help down control and stabilize immune responses.
Helminthic therapy like the fecal bacterio therapy induces a characteristic TH2 white cell response in the diseased areas which seems to be the key in achieving and sustaining remission, and may prove to be of key importance in further research.
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